From the Editor

China Countermeasures Reference Database is a public, fact-based reference resource covering China’s trade and economic countermeasures, related lists, legal instruments, official actions, and export controls. Its records of those measures and actions are compiled from publicly available materials issued by Chinese government authorities. Foreign official registries may be used only to verify an organization’s country or jurisdiction.

About me

I’m Yu, the creator and editor of this database.

My work on this project includes bilingual primary-source research, mapping legal instruments, identifying named entities, verifying sources, preserving official documents, and presenting changes over time.

I created the database to make official measures easier to locate, understand, and verify across laws, regulations, announcements, entities, lists, and dated actions. It is intended to provide a structured record of what the relevant official documents state and how those documents relate to one another.

You can reach me at yu@chinacountermeasures.com. Questions about the database, suggestions of official documents to add, and reports of possible errors are all welcome.

What the database records

The database covers official documents, legal instruments, countermeasure tools, lists, entities, controlled items, and dated actions.

Each entity page shows its dated history, including designation, imposition or modification of measures, suspension, resumption, and removal. The current status reflects the latest documented official action.

Where different legal instruments establish related but distinct mechanisms, the database records them separately and identifies their respective legal bases, administering authorities, procedures, and published actions.

Sources and language

Every published factual claim is connected to an official source document.

A foreign official registry may be cited only for an organization’s country or jurisdiction when that fact is not stated in the relevant Chinese official document. This limited verification source is shown on the entity page and is not used to enrich the organization’s activities, relationships or conduct.

Chinese as-published text is treated as authoritative. English text is identified as either an official translation or a site-produced translation. Site-produced translations are provided for reference and do not replace the official Chinese text.

Official source files are preserved with hashes and retrieval or verification metadata where available. When the database provides a preserved official copy, the version published by the issuing authority remains controlling.

Editorial approach

The database records what official documents say, using the terminology and scope stated in those documents. It does not provide predictions, policy recommendations, or assessments of the merits or likely effects of particular measures.

I do not infer an official rationale, relationship, or response unless it is expressly stated in an official source. Information that cannot be verified is not presented as established fact.

Coverage is necessarily bounded by the official materials located, archived, and reviewed. The Coverage & Completeness page explains the current scope and known limitations. The Methodology page explains how sources, translations, and status histories are presented.

Project independence

I created and maintain this database as a personal research project, separate from my professional roles and affiliations.

The website is not produced on behalf of, sponsored by, or endorsed by my employer or by any other organization with which I may be associated. Its contents do not represent the views, policies, positions, or interests of any such organization.

The database is produced from publicly available sources and does not use confidential, proprietary, or other non-public information obtained through employment or any professional relationship.

All editorial and presentation decisions for the database are made for this project alone.

Corrections

Accuracy and source traceability are central to this project. If you identify an error, a missing official document, or a record that requires clarification, please consult the Corrections Policy.

How to cite this database

Suggested citation:

China Countermeasures Reference Database, “[page title]”, [URL], accessed [date].

Example:

China Countermeasures Reference Database, “Unreliable Entity List”, https://chinacountermeasures.com/lists/unreliable-entity-list/, accessed 2026-09-05.

When citing a specific record, readers are encouraged to cite both the relevant database page and the underlying official source document.

Disclaimer

This website is provided for informational and research purposes only. It does not constitute legal or professional advice.

Although reasonable efforts are made to preserve and accurately present official materials, no representation is made that the database is complete or suitable for any particular purpose. Users should verify information against the relevant official documents before relying on it.

Official Chinese-language documents and the interpretations of the issuing authorities prevail.